The Cafe Down The Road From The Library Essay - 1627 Words

The cafe down the road from the library was the kind of place ordinary people would visit once by accident. They’d then skip town at earliest convenience. Those of them who were unfortunate enough to live nearby had the good sense to stay away save for Tuesday and Thursday evenings. The man who kept the counter five days a week was stocky and bearded, though very well-groomed. On the street, he was just as likely to be mistaken for a lumberjack as he was for a barber. He had a short temper. If anyone asked about it, he’d say that his fuse used to be much longer. Until he used it to pay the devil for the large collection of flavored syrups he kept displayed behind the counter. The menu was a giant. It was a shame that the man who wrote it was simply unsuited for food service and couldn’t be bothered to learn how to prepare the exotic and tantalizing creations he painstakingly recorded on the walls. Everyone who experienced the caramelly nutmeg concoctions invariable faced an existential crisis of some kind. Who am I? What am I doing? How did I get here? What is it that is so hopelessly broken about my life? But foremost among these: Who is this man who enjoys so much the doling of pain? The mystery was a welcome preoccupation for the otherwise unoccupied residents. The story went that he had to flee his beloved hometown due to tensions with the mob. There was some disparity over whether he was a contract killer who hit the wrong mark, or he’d just gotten a little tooShow MoreRelatedEssay on Karachi1130 Words   |  5 Pagespeople trying to get from one part of town to the other. The presence of the Central Bus station, multiple bazaars and c ommercial buildings has added to the congestion and unmanuverability of the place. By night Saddar is a favourite haunt for drug addicts and the homeless. The Saddar of Khan’s University days however was a golden glittering Saddar, the centre of all creative and cultural activity in the city. The author navigates the streets disappointed to find that the cafes, patisseries and bookshopsRead MoreThe University Of Arkansas At Monticello1207 Words   |  5 Pagesto be more beneficial than others. A few events I have attended included freshman orientation, grabbing lunch with a classmate, viewing a show of fireworks with my friend, and taking a stroll through the campus. Out of the four, I benefitted greatly from the stroll through campus. The start of my quest to come to be involved with my university began with freshman orientation on the seventeenth of August. This was the first instance I had ever stepped foot on the campus, and I was so nervous that IRead MoreUnderstanding Library Impact On Student Learning1449 Words   |  6 PagesMany college decisions alone are made upon the evaluation of a campus’ facilities, most importantly, the library; the central spot students meet and attain their studies. The Watauga campus of Caldwell Community College and Technical Institute has been neglected and is in dire need of a more sophisticated and modern academic library. Academic libraries benefit students, as well as faculty members. They offer a place for students studying alone or with a group, provide reference materials, and inRead MoreInternet Cafe Business Plan1664 Words   |  7 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING INTRODUCTION An Internet cafà © or cybercafà © is a place which provides internet access to the public, usually for a fee. These businesses usually provide snacks and drinks, hence the cafà © in the name. The fee for using a computer is usually charged as a time-based rate. Internet cafà ©s are a natural evolution of the traditional cafe. Cafà ©s started as places for information exchange, and have always been used as places to read the paper, send postcardsRead MoreEssay On My Life In University Of Cambridge1519 Words   |  7 Pagesresidence where I live in are a little far from my college site called King’s College and I have to ride my bicycle for nearly fifteen minutes every day to the English faculty library on the West Road with crossing River Cam on King’s College Bridge where the renowned poet Xu Zhimo has made a splendid poetry. Having been in Cambridge for nearly a year which includes three semesters: â€Å"Michaelmas†Ã£â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"Lent†Ã£â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"Easter†, I am still not very familiar with these streets and roads which have complicated names and actuallyRead MoreResearch on Internet Cafe1785 Words   |  8 PagesAn internet cafà © or cybercafà © is a place where one can use a computer with Internet access, most for a fee, usually per hour or minute; sometimes one can have unmetered access with a pass for a day or month, etc. It may serve as a regular cafà © as well, with food and drinks being served. | | [pic] Cyberia: one of the worlds first Internet cafà ©s, London, 1994 The internet cafe phenomenon was started in July 1991 by Wayne Gregori in San Francisco when he began SFnet Coffeehouse Network. Gregori designedRead MoreChinese History: Hawthorne ´s Chinese Heritage Essay2223 Words   |  9 Pagespresence is only verified by a smattering of entries in old trade registers, census documents and newspaper articles. Today, however, we easily take for granted the presence of Chinese in Hawthorn without contemplating who they are, where they have come from, and our notions of cultural diversity and social inclusion. Hawthorn’s Chinese heritage is neither illustrious nor exceptional, nevertheless, then and now, the experiences and contributions of the Chinese community are integral to the history, heritageRead MoreFree Speech in Cyberspace Essay3595 Words   |  15 Pagescomputer has become much more economical for the average Vietnamese citizen. Rates for dial-up internet subscriptions are decreasing as well as the hourly rates for Internet access at the many cyber cafes that exist in Vietnam.[8] Until recently, most of the Internet access has been done though the cyber cafes because computers were too costly to own. With computers coming into the financial reach of larger parts of the Vietnamese population, the Internet audience in Vietnam is surely to rise. MuchRead MoreSpies During World War II1253 Words   |  6 Pagesuniforms. Everyday, spies risk their lives. This made me think what it would be like to be a spy during a war, and specifically during World War II. I knew I woul d have to dig deep to obtain information. I went to the library and checked out several books and reviewed through the library database. I did not find anything in the database. I did research at home and found an awesome site about women’s history. This site helped me find information about female spies. I wanted to know about that becauseRead MoreThe Cost Of Iu Can Vary Depending On If You Are1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe cost of IU can vary depending on if you are from in state or out of state. Out of state tuition and expenses are usually more expensive. In state tuition and expenses are usually less expensive. In state tuition costs $24,538 for the cost of attendance. The cost are broken down into several categories. Tuition and fees at IU cost $10,388, room and board cost $9,794, and books and supplies cost $1,230. These cost are just the direct cost of going to IU. There are also transportation which costs

Diabetes Mellitus A Serious Medical Condition - 1356 Words

Diabetes Mellitus is a serious medical condition that can significantly affect the lives of individuals and lead to other medical complications. It has become a national health priority area due to the high number of individuals affected and the costs it places on the health care system. There are three forms of diabetes mellitus, these include Type I diabetes, type II diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder characterised by the inability of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin in response to blood glucose levels. In normal homeostasis of the body the pancreas releases insulin to increase uptake of glucose by the liver and tissues to use as energy and increase the storage of glucose which reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood. If blood glucose levels are low, counter regulatory hormones are released causing the liver to release its stored glucose which will increase blood glucose concentration. Type I diabetes occurs when the pancr eatic beta cells are attacked by the body’s T cells and can no longer produce insulin causing high blood glucose levels which can lead to serious medical conditions. While the exact cause of this is unknown, many genes have been associated with increased risk of this autoimmune response causing homeostatic imbalance of insulin and blood glucose levels, the most important of which is the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex. Variations of these genes can cause either susceptibility or resistanceShow MoreRelatedPathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus And Mellitus1706 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes Mellitus Nathalie Dao Med 2056 VN FT030 Diabetes Mellitus Research Paper Ms. Annabelle Anglo 3/16/2015 â€Æ' EXPLANATION OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The pathophysiology of the two types of Diabetes Mellitus are described by Schilling (2010). Type 1 Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus starts with a viral infection or other triggering condition that forms antibodies that destroy the beta cells within the pancreas. This causes the pancreas’ production of insulin to drop over time. InitiallyRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus And Diabetes1738 Words   |  7 PagesDIABETES MELLITUS 1 Emily Marroquin MED 2056 Diabetes Mellitus Instructor Michela Leytham 12/3/14 DIABETES MELLITUS 2 In 2012 29.1 million Americans had diabetes of those 29.1 million, 21.0 million were diagnosed and 8.1 million were undiagnosed. What isRead MoreDiabetes Essay examples1471 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes In the United States, an estimated 16 million people have diabetes. Diabetes is a serious lifelong condition. Half the 16 million people who have diabetes do not even realize the condition exists and are not receiving treatment. 798,000 people each year are diagnosed with diabetes. It occurs most often in adults, but it is also one of the most chronic disorder in children. It is estimated that 123,000 children ages 19 and belowRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation s imulating the pancreasRead MoreNature And Nurture Of Diabetes1178 Words   |  5 Pagesin Diabetes Diabetes is a rising problem in the world and has become one of the most dangerous diseases faced by the world. Diabetes is a sickness that individuals can acquire which makes the body not function properly because sugar is not metabolised properly (Stefanik-Sidener, 2013). This is a very serious medical issue because those who develop it can sometimes have it for a long time or even their whole lives. It has been found that 9% of the world’s population have some type of diabetes (HelgesonRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1282 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorders. The scenario of passing large amount of urine is described by the Greek and Roman physicians as diabetes whereas the term mellitus refers to sweet taste (Barrett, Barman, Boitano, Brooks, 2012). The name of the disease reveals one of the important clinical manifestation, that is, passing sweet-tasted urine, and in the other word, the presence of sugar in the urine. B esides that, Funk (2010) stated that there are three most commonRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus Type 2: A Research1511 Words   |  6 Pageslifestyles and medical care have certainly improved the longevity of humans in the developed world, and contributed to a greater quality of life scenario, those same lifestyles have engendered a number of issues that contribute to disease. Lack of proper diet, fast food, high fat and carbohydrate diets without adequate fruits and vegetables, lack of exercise, smoking and alcohol contribute to an epidemic of obesity which, in turn, contributes to a serious metabolic disorder called Diabetes Mellitus Type 2Read MoreApply Principles Of Diabetic Nursing Care Essay1621 Words   |  7 Pages Hughson 2013, p. 809). b) Glucagonoma (1mark) Glucagonoma is a rare malignant tumour of the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets. It leads to an excess production of the glucagon hormone in the blood. It is characterised by a distinctive rash, diabetes, weight loss, stomatitis and hypoaminoacidemia (Goldman Schafer 2015, p. 101). c) Gluconeogenesis (1mark) Gluconeogenesis is the process in which the liver predominantly forms glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as lactate, pyruvate, glycerolRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus1154 Words   |  5 Pages Evaristo Vazquez MED 2056, VNFT29 Diabetes Mellitus Michela Leytam 12/08/14 Pathophysiology All types of diabetes are related to a deficiency in the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the beta cells os the pancreas. In a healthy person, insulin is produced in response to elevated levels of glucose in the bloodstream and its major role is to control glucose concentration in the blood by letting the glucose enter our cells and lowering its levels. What insulin does is allowingRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : An Autoimmune Disease1238 Words   |  5 Pages Diabetes or as doctors would refer by as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has a high blood glucose level (above 110 mg/dL) because insulin production is inadequate, the body’s cells do not respond properly to insulin or even both. Diabetes mellitus is also a contributing factor of development of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, renal failure, blindness, and stroke as individuals’ age. There are 3 different types of diabetes mellitus, type 1diabetes mellitus

City Road Cardiff free essay sample

Social science is the study of human society and of the relationship of individual members within the society. Within the social sciences, the society is broken down into different variations of inequalities such as class, age, gender, sexuality, and ethnicity. Inequality is a disparity of not having the same lack of opportunities, status or treatment. In sociology and other social sciences, sociologist base their studies simply under the stratification system, which refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into divisions of power and wealth within a society. The study of stratification has long been studied in the history of sociology, teachings such as inequality, including economic inequality, racial/ethnic inequality, gender inequality, and other types of inequality determines the differences people are facing within the society. This inequality is known as the ‘spatio temporal’ – social inequality. It means having unequal opportunities and rewards for different social statuses within a group or society. We will write a custom essay sample on City Road Cardiff or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are two main ways to measure social inequality: inequality of conditions, and inequality of opportunities. Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth and material goods. Inequality of opportunities refers to the unequal distribution of ‘‘life chances’’ across individuals such as level of education, health status, and treatment by the criminal justice system. On City Roads there are many examples of inequalities. For example, there are different types of shops seen in the City Road, that is attracted and used for different clientele. Janet Symmons sells african products to her chosen customers. Because, she brings various products from Africa to sell in her shop, she contributes to making social lives in Africa as well as on City Road. The inequality in this particular example, is the race and or ethnicity, which makes her shop different from the local markets. Alot of people in the City Roads use Tesco supermarket to those who use the traditional newsagent shop. You will find Tesco supermarket in every corner of the city as oppose to the newsagent shop. Also, in the newsagent shop you may not find all your household necessities rather than in the leading supermarket. This is an economic inequality, because Tesco supermarket is a leading company, where as the local newsagent  shop is owned by a private company or a person, but has somewhat similar contributions to making social lives on the City Roads. People travel to the city centre through kinds of transport systems. Most people travel by to the city centre by car, or buses. Most people wear different types of clothing, in contrast to, those who are less wealthy. This substantiates the inequality of conditions, which in this case is the support of income and wealth. Tim Masters plays an important role to the community and to City Roads, by ensuring the streets are clean, by cleaning the blockages of fat in the sewers. He is providing a service to the City Roads and making and repairing social life by doing material infrastructure for the society. Older people seems to be using the Taste Buds Cafà © rather than the younger people. In contradiction to the Pool Hall, it does not deliberately exclude older people from using the facilities, rather, it’s whom it’s designed to attract specific groups of people. This is a clear example of age, as its majority clashes between the elderly and the younger group of people. However, some activities of other groups of people are perceived as threatening or out of order by others. The nightlife shown on City road says that a lot of younger people tend to be using the facilities of nightclubs, it is due to the fact that its primarily designed to attract the younger group pf people rather than the elderlies. Finaly, the Mackintosh Centre on City Road shows how different inequalities are met through converting it into a sports centre and then transforming it into a market to attract a wide range of local people. This is not only designed to attract certain type of groups, but it is also attracting a wide variety of people and making the Mackintosh centre more resourceful and reliable for the society. To summarise it all, the social inequality seen and presented on the City Roads suggests how the lives of a society revolves around the similarities and differences of inequalities throughout the day and night. There were a lot of factors of inequalities mentioned on the City Roads, such as age, race or ethnicity, wealth and income. There had not been any subjects related to gender or sexuality on the City Road other than taking their opinions of individuals of both men and women, to illustrate their experiences on City Road of Cardiff.

The Role Of B Vitamins Essays - Nutrition, Health, B Vitamins

The Role Of B Vitamins Water-soluble vitamins were collectively called water soluble B in the beginning. When more water-soluble vitamins were discovered, they were referred to as B1, B2, B6, B12 and so on. Later when more vitamins were discovered in both the categories, they were referred as vitamins C, D, E and K. Now, most are known by a word that indicates either chemical nature or function. Some vitamins are synthesized in the body itself by intestinal micro-organisms. Antibiotics and sulfa drugs may destroy these organisms resulting in decreased vitamin synthesis. There are other bacteria which when present in the intestine utilize dietary vitamins for their own use thus causing vitamin deficiency. Vitamins in the diet are bound to protein and fat. During digestion, they get broken down and absorbed. Vitamins present in undigested food are not available to the body. The body requirement of vitamins depends upon several factors. Apart from those mentioned above, people suffering from tuberculosis or high fever require more vitamins and people living in high altitudes and cold regions also have increased vitamin requirement. The B vitamins have a wide and varied range of functions in the human body. Most B vitamins are involved in the process of converting blood sugar into energy. Diets rich in B vitamins are particularly important for pregnant and breast-feeding women and for other people who require more energy, such as athletes and heavy-labor workers. General Deficiencies of Vitamin B Deficiencies of B vitamins are uncommon in the U.S., but when they occur, they usually involve several B vitamins, since many of them come from the same food groups. Alcohol interferes with these vitamins, and some of the physical and mental problems that alcoholics experience may be attributed to a deficiency of B vitamins. Elderly people are also at risk for deficiencies, because of inadequate diets and potential interference with B-vitamin absorption by medications. General Toxicity of Vitamin B Because the B vitamins are water-soluble and eliminated in the urine, toxic reactions from oral administration of most of them are extremely rare. (Exceptions are niacin and B6.) (For specific adverse reactions from deficiencies or high dosage levels, see individual discussions of B vitamins, below). It should be noted that substances known as B15 (pangamic acid) and B17 (laetrile) are neither vitamins nor nutrients; both chemicals are highly dangerous and have no proven nutritional or other value. Deficiencies and Toxicity of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Thiamin is essential for converting blood sugar into energy and is involved in metabolic activities in nerves, heart, and muscles and in the production of red blood cells. Thiamin is found in almost all foods, but the best source is pork and good sources are dried fortified cereals, oatmeal, corn, nuts, cauliflower, and sunflower seeds. Recommended RDA is 1.2 mg per day for men and 1.1 mg for women. Supplements for people with normal diets and health are unnecessary. Severe vitamin B1 deficiency, known as beriberi, is rare in the U.S., but can occur in alcoholics, in severely malnourished people, or in those receiving long-term dialysis or intravenous feeding. Symptoms may include visual disturbances, paralysis, staggering, loss of sensation in the legs and feet, psychosis, and congestive heart failure. No toxic effects have been reported for thiamin. Deficiencies and Toxicity of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Like thiamin, riboflavin is important in the production of energy. Some dietary sources are liver, dried fortified cereals, and low fat yogurt. Recommended DRI is 1.7 mg. Supplements for people with normal diets and health are unnecessary. Deficiencies affect the skin and mucous membranes and can cause cracks on the lips or corners of the mouth, eczema of the face and genitals, a burning sensation on the tongue, or eye irritation. Previously, no toxic effects had been reported even from large doses of riboflavin However, one new study indicated that high consumption of vitamin B2 may increase the risk of stomach cancer. (In the same study, vitamins B1, B3, and B6 were protective). Deficiencies and Toxicity of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, helps break down blood sugar for energy and also acts as a vasodilator, widening blood vessels and increasing blood flow. Dietary sources are mackerel, swordfish, chicken, veal, dried fortified cereals, pork, salmon, and beef liver. Current DRI recommendations are 20 mg.

Should I vote1 essays

Should I vote1 essays The 2000 presidential election is soon approaching, but should I really care? When the time comes to cast the ballot, most people either feel obligated or apathetic. As in any case, there are many sides to this argument; some reasons that I should vote include civic duty and sustaining the democracy for which our founding fathers fought. On the other hand, politicians can be self-serving, and taking the time to cast just one vote is not worth my time. In talking with others on the subject, it seems as if most people are sitting on the fence as well. While voting seems like the ethical thing for me to do, would I be making a difference? One of the reasons that I should vote is that it is my duty as a citizen to vote. The Constitution gives me the right, and therefore I should respect that privilege. Furthermore, it was the goal of our founding fathers to give us the right to participate directly in our government. Voting is the basic form of political involvement, yet one of the most important. Since becoming independent, the US has become a world power largely based upon a representative government. It can be argued that in order to stay on top, we must continue fulfilling our political obligations; obviously these are reasons I should vote. Despite the fact that in previous years politicians worked hard to guarantee basic rights and privileges, it is a different situation today. Nowadays, politicians are more apt to badger us for campaign contributions and votes. Instead of giving to us, they take for themselves. Moreover, they engage in mudslinging and more times then not are ambiguous in their stances on important matters. Why should I help them further their career, when I am not being helped? Why should I take the time to register to vote, become informed, and cast a ballot, if it is all for not? Based upon these reasons, I should ...

Nationalism and imperialism in British africa 1850-1960 Essay

Nationalism and imperialism in British africa 1850-1960 - Essay Example Identity is another issue in settler societies. Louis Hartz, in his seminal work, "The Founding of New Societies" (1964:11-13, 53-4)1, observed that identity formation by European settlers in a new land is a complex process. Changes in Europe and the presence of 'native' peoples in the new land make it difficult to maintain identification with the old country. The 'racial element' becomes an integral part of settler consciousness and national identity in a way that does not occur in Europe. Colonial presence became established first, in the West African Settlements (Sierra Leone, Gold Coast etc.). It brought, as a by-product, Christian missionaries (White and Black!) and Enlightenment ideas of freedom and self-determination to Africa. However, it also brought the idea of the "Other" with it and dispossessed the Africans from their sense of the "Self". Edward Said in his "Orientalism" (1984) focused on the idea of discourse. He categorically explained the discursive practices of the "West" since the beginning of the Renaissance and their "Humanist" attempts to situate themselves into a historically, anthropologically, socially, psychologically and economically dominant and "subject" position that would forever dispossess the native "orient" being from their own history and claim to history within the Western canon. Not only that Fanon in his "Black Skin White Masks"2, talks about the psychological dislocation of the native due to the complete eradication of African iden tity from educated native. Incase of the masses the dislocation was physical - through the dislocation of their lands. Thus, anthropologists such as Madison Grant or Alexis Carrel built their pseudo-scientific racism, inspired by Gobineau's "An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races" (1853-55). This ruse of superiority was used from the nineteenth century onwards, to begin the 'civilizing mission' which legitimated imperial conquest and control brought to the fore the issue of 'native policy'. The 'white man's burden' meant that, in imperialist theory and to some extent in practice, 'native policy' involved the role of the Colonial Office as guardian of 'racial' minorities and 'backward' peoples. In the mixed colonies, however, it continued to mean principally the legalized theft of 'native' land and the use of 'natives' as a source of cheap labor. Settler societies were therefore quick to seek political autonomy in order to deal with the 'natives' in their own way and acquire w hat territory they wanted. Hence, the nineteenth century saw a further divergence between colonial and imperial ideology. Two contradictory sets of principles were on a collision course within the settlements: the concept of trusteeship within the imperial philosophy of a non-racial empire, and the settlers' determination to create a 'White Man's Country' (Huttenback 1976:21)3. After the 'scramble for Africa' in the 1880s, there was a brief age of self-conscious imperialism when the British empire was vaunted as the strongest, largest and most benign the world had ever seen, and flags and banners became sacred symbols of the nation. However, this could not hide the savagery of the war that was being used as an appropriate civilizing mission. In South Africa, three groups struggled over the land. In the early 1800s, the Zulu chief Shaka fought to win more land. Meanwhile, the British won control of the Dutch colony on the

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) as set out below Essay

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) as set out below - Essay Example Cor pulmonale, defined as hypertrophy, dilation, or dysfunction of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension resulting form disorders of the respiratory system, also commonly occurs in patients with COPD (Missov ED, De Marco T 2000). There are evidences to support LTOT could significantly reduce mortality in patients with COPD and Cor pulmonale (Weitzenblum, E et al 1995, Croxton, TL 2006, Missov ED, De Marco T 2000, Zielinski, J 1998 ). Two randomized, controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of LTOT in case of COPD and sever resting hypoxemia. They include the Nocturnal Oxygen therapy trial and the trials carried out by the Medical Research Council (Weitzenblum, E et al 1995, Barnett, M 2007, Croxton, TL 2006, Ruse, C 2008, Missov ED, De Marco T 2000). Both the trials indicated that oxygen therapy administered for at least 15 hours daily for patients with severe hypoxic COPD increased survival and in addition reduced polycythaemia and the progression of pulmonary hypertension (Barnett, M 2007). The main focus of LTOT is to improve the quality of life of the patients and thereby to increase their survival (Barnett, M 2007, Marti, S et al, 2006, Croxton, TL 2006). The criteria for the initiation of LTOT in the UK have been established based on the results of the 2 trials mentioned above (Barnett, M 2007, Zielinski, J 1998). The criteria as per the National clinical guidelines include patients with an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) consistently at or below 7.3 kPa (55 mm Hg or less) when clinically stable. This threshold value of 55 mmHg indicates presence of severe hypoxemia which may have deleterious effects on pulmonary circulation, brain function etc (Atis, S et al 2001). Patients, who have a PaO2 consistently between 7.3 and 8.0 or 7.5 and 7.8 when clinically stable and if pulmonary hypertension (PAP >